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© 1989 Radcliffe College
Call No.: MC 392; M-138
Repository: Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute
Creator: MARY (WARE) DENNETT, 1872-1947
Title: Papers, 1874-1945
Quantity: 43 file boxes, 1 card file, 5 folio+ folders, 5 oversize folders, 7 oversize volumes
Abstract: Correspondence, scrapbooks, writings, etc., of Mary Ware Dennett, suffragist, pacifist, artisan and advocate of birth control and sex education.
Suffragist, pacifist, artisan, and advocate of birth control and sex education, Mary Coffin (Ware) Dennett was born on April 4, 1872, in Worcester, Mass., the first daughter and second of four children of George Whitefield and Livonia Coffin (Ames) Ware. She was the niece of Edwin Doak and Lucia (Ames) Mead, two noted Boston social reformers, and the grandniece of Charles Carleton Coffin, historian and war correspondent. When her father, a wool merchant, died in 1882, the family moved to Boston, where she attended public schools before enrolling in Miss Capen's School for Girls in Northampton, Mass.Influenced in part by the "craftsman ideal" articulated by John Ruskin and William Morris, MWD chose to study at the school of the Boston Museum of Fine Arts (1891-1893); for several years she won the first prize for tapestry and leather design. After heading the Department of Design and Decoration at Drexel Institute in Philadelphia (1894-1897), she went to Europe with her sister Clara. They collected samples of gilded Cordovan leather wall hangings, were able to revive the lost art, and opened a cooperative handicraft shop in Boston. MWD helped to organize the Boston Society of Arts and Crafts in 1897 and displayed her leather work in the society's April 1899 exhibition; the Ware sisters' shop soon established an affiliation with the BSAC, with MWD serving as artistic decorator for the shop and on the council of the society. She resigned in 1905, however, pointing to the society's increasing interest in "things--their beauty, their sale, their increase...while the primary interest--should be, I think,--the man--his freedom--his economic independence."In January 1900, MWD married Hartley Dennett, a Boston architect; they had two sons, Carleton (b.1900) and Devon (b. 1905). At first they worked together, with MWD as a home decorating consultant, but this ended when HD began an affair with one of his clients, Margaret Chase. He went to live with MC and her husband, a prominent physician; MWD successfully sued for divorce and received custody of the children in 1913.After two years as field secretary of the Massachusetts Woman Suffrage Association, MWD was elected corresponding secretary of the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) in 1910, and moved to New York City. There she was the principal organizer of NAWSA's literature department, which produced and distributed millions of copies of numerous pamphlets and leaflets, including MWD's "The Real Point." Embroiled in a dispute over how the department was to be run and financed, and believing that NAWSA, like many organiza- tions, was showing a "tendency...to petrify and...find themselves actually behind the public opinion which they themselves largely created," MWD resigned in 1915.Attracted to organizations seeking a broader redistribution of society's wealth and power, MWD worked for implementation of the single tax, serving as chair of the Committee on New Voters of the Women's Henry George League, and in the movement for proportional representation. She was an active opponent of the growing war sentiment in the United States, managing a series of mass meetings in the midwest as field secretary of the American Union Against Militarism, and campaigning for President Wilson's reelection. When the United States entered the war in April 1917, she protested by resigning as executive secretary of the Women's Section of the Democratic National Committee (renamed the League for Progressive Democracy); she became an organizer for the People's Council, a radical antiwar group, and a board member of the Woman's Peace Party. She was also a member of the National Council of the International Free Trade League and a member of the Women's Peace Union.MWD is perhaps best known for her work in birth control and sex education. With Jessie Ashley and Clara Gruening Stillman, she founded the National Birth Control League in March 1915. The NBCL repudiated the militant tactics that had forced Margaret Sanger to seek refuge from the law in Europe; it focused on changing state and federal statutes that held that any materials or printed mattter intended for preventing conception were obscene and therefore unmailable. Maintaining that birth control was a "purely scientific topic," the NBCL cultivated the support of prominent men and women, and from 1917 to 1919 lobbied unsuccessfully in the state legislature in Albany to remove contraceptive material from the New York law.Realizing that it would be most efficient to remove contraception from the federal Comstock law, on which the state laws were based, MWD in 1919 reorganized the NBCL as the Voluntary Parenthood League, serving as its director and as editor of the Birth Control Herald. The sole purpose of the VPL was to remove the words "preventing conception" from the federal law, thereby permitting the free dissemination of information about birth control. In this the VPL was opposed by Sanger, who favored amending the law so that contraceptive information could be given out only by physicians. For MWD, Sanger's approach smacked of special class legislation. In 1925, at the end of her last unsuccessful lobbying campaign in Congress, MWD wrote Birth Control Laws, an exhaustive analysis of the history and status of federal and state laws governing birth control, hoping to influence public opinion. In the end, neither Sanger's "doctors only" bill nor MWD's appeal to the "fundamental sound sense of the average American citizen" was successful in changing the law; legal relief came from the bench in the 1930s in the form of a series of decisions circumscribing federal interference with the circulation of contraceptive literature and materials.One of the factors contributing to the change in the legal climate was a 1930 case involving Dennett's dissemination of a pamphlet entitled "The Sex Side of Life." Written in 1915 for her adolescent sons, this no-nonsense essay explained human reproduction and described the sexual encounter as "a vivifying joy,...a vital art." It was published in 1918 and throughout the 1920s was widely distributed to individuals as well as to youth and church organizations and state health departments. The pamphlet was banned as obscene by the Solicitor of the Post Office in 1922, and in 1928, with evidence secured through the use of a decoy address, Dennett was tried under the Comstock law, convicted, and fined $300. Two years later, in the midst of nationwide public protest, the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals court held that the Comstock law "must not be assumed to have been designed to interfere with serious instruction regarding sex matters unless the terms in which the information is conveyed are clearly indecent." The Dennett case was part of a series of decisions that culminated in the 1936 ruling, in United States v. One Package of Japanese Pessaries, that the Comstock law did not "prevent the importation...by mail of things which might...be employed by...physicians." (See MC 208, Morris Ernst Papers, Schlesinger Library.) This decision removed all federal bans on birth control materials and information as tools for medical professionals. Contraception was not actually removed from the prohibitions of the Comstock law until 1971.Her experience in the "Sex Side of Life" case as well as the overt government hostility towards pacifists during World War I heightened MWD's interest in civil liberties issues. She published Who's Obscene?, an account of the SSL trial, in 1930, and was active for many years on the National Council on Freedom from Censorship and with the American Civil Liberties Union.In 1926 MWD abandoned her lobbying, resigned as director of the VPL, and returned to leather work as "my salvation." She nonetheless continued to follow the progress of birth control legislation through Congress and maintained her interest in sex education for young people, contributing a chapter on the subject to Sex in Civilization (1929), and publishing The Sex Education of Children (1931). She also persisted, as her voluminous correspondence attests, in responding "to all the poor applicants for contraceptive information...[writing them about] the League's inability to break the law, etc.," and "then privately and anonymously" furnishing the needed information.Despite her work for dozens of causes, MWD had a "fearful revulsion" against organizations. This anti- institutional bias was philosophical as well as pragmatic, with MWD, in the tradition of John Dewey, making no claims of moral absolutism. Hers was "a plea for the dynamic, instead of the static side of life..., against anything and everything that tends to institutionalize one's mind." For MWD, moral law was "subject to evolution like other phases of human development," an evolution in which individual liberty and the "unquenchable aspiration of the human soul" remained paramount.MWD died in a nursing home in Valatie, N.Y., in 1947.
Mary Ware Dennett was a generous correspondent and meticulous file keeper. The essential order and arrangement of her files have been maintained; they reveal both the discipline she brought to her life and work and the variety of her interests. The collection documents her work in arts and crafts as well as her activities on behalf of various social and political reform movements. Although the bulk of the material dealing with reform chronicles her work on behalf of suffrage, birth control, and peace, other issues and organizations represented include the Twilight Sleep Association, the American Foundation for Homoeopathy, and the movements for the single tax, proportional representation, international free trade, and civil liberties.The collection includes personal and professional correspondence; writings; office files of the Voluntary Parenthood League; organizational material, publications, and mailings from other organizations with which she was affiliated; and photographs.Three of MWD's scrapbooks (one entitled Unpublished Data re: MWD's work; the others, Published Material, MWD's Work, Vol. 1, 1897-1918, and Vol. 2, 1918-) were disassembled and their contents placed in the relevant series; they are referred to in the inventory as scrapbook 1, 2, and 3 respectively. If an item from a scrapbook was a duplicate, annotated by MWD, and in fragile condition, the annotations were transferred to the better copy.The collection is arranged in five series:
- I. Personal
- II. Arts and crafts
- III. Suffrage
- IV. Birth control and sex education
- V. Other organizations and causes
Series I, Personal, includes letters to MWD's uncle and aunt, Edwin D. and Lucia Ames Mead, from distinguished friends and colleagues; family and biographical information; photographs; material re: MWD's divorce and custody hearings; fiction by MWD; letters to her sons, 1911-25; and general correspondence, arranged alphabetically. People and subjects included in general correspondence also appear in other series; see the index of correspondents at the end of this finding aidSeries II, Arts and crafts, spans the years 1894 to 1945 and contains notebooks; lectures, clippings, and photographs re: MWD's work at Drexel Institute; account books from her leather shop in Boston; correspondence, arranged alphabetically; and issues of Handicraft, published by the Boston Society of Arts and Crafts (BSAC). The activities of the BSAC and the New York Society of Craftsmen are particularly well represented.Series III, Suffrage, includes correspondence, and articles and clippings by MWD and others, documenting her work with the National American Woman Suffrage Association, and the dispute with NAWSA's board that eventually led to MWD's resignation.Series IV, Birth control and sex education, contains office files of the National Birth Control League (NBCL) and the Voluntary Parenthood League (VPL), material from the case centering around "The Sex Side of Life," and material about her writings on birth control and sex education. The files of the Voluntary Parenthood League are arranged in two alphabetical sequences, one mostly pre-1929 and one mostly post-1929; within the VPL files are correspondence and publicity of the NBCL, campaign diaries, reports, minutes, correspondence, and publications of the VPL, and letters to MWD from men and women requesting information about contraception. Included in the SSL records are correspondence about and endorsements and orders for the pamphlet; letters to MWD with questions about masturbation, lesbianism, and other issues concerning sexuality; and correspondence, clippings, and other material from the Mary Ware Dennett Defense Committee and her trial on obscenity charges. The remainder of the series is devoted to her writings on birth control and sex education and includes drafts, final versions, and correspondence concerning her publications; and shorter articles, advertisements, and clippings.Series V, Other organizations and causes, includes correspondence, publications, and other mailings from a variety of organizations. It is arranged chronologically and documents MWD's work with the Twilight Sleep Association, the American Union Against Militarism, the Woman's Peace Party, the International Free Trade League, the League for Progressive Democracy, the People's Council, the Women's Peace Union, the American Foundation for Homoeopathy, the National Council on Freedom from Censorship, the American Civil Liberties Union, and the Consumers Union. This series also contains material on her work in the Woodrow Wilson, Morris Hillquit, and Elinor Byrns election campaigns, and in the movements for the single tax and proportional representation; and her writings on various political issues.Most clippings were discarded after microfilming.Folder headings are those of MWD; information in brackets has been added by the processor.There is related material at the Schelsinger Library; see Mary Ware Dennett Additional papers, 1892-1945 (MC 629).
- Series I. Personal (#1-119)
- Series II. Arts and crafts (#120v-202)
- Series III. Suffrage (#203-227f+)
- Series IV. Birth control and sex education (#228-596)
- Series V. Other organizations and causes (#597-718)
This index includes the names of selected writers and recipients. Information about persons and subjects is not indexed.Key:
- No symbol =Writer
- *=Writer and recipient
- **=Recipient
- Ackerman, Phyllis 192*
- Adams, Charles Francis 1
- Adamson, Ethel 213**, 215
- Addams, Jane1, 210*
- Aldrich, Thomas Bailey 1
- Allen, Florence Ellinwood 29*, 636
- Altgeld, John Peter 1
- Andrews, Georgina 98*
- Angell, Pauline K. 618*, 642, 651
- Anthony, Katharine 26, 27, 163
- Anthony, Lucy E. 26*, 216*, 218
- Arnold, Alma C. 249
- Arnold, Edwin 1
- Ashley, Jessie 30, 205, 207, 208, 209*, 217, 598
- Avery, Rachel Foster 212, 218
- Babcock, Caroline Lexow 162, 164, 166, 223*, 415*, 416, 417, 427*, 459, 470*, 553*, 671*, 672*, 673*, 674*
- Bacon, Ann Anthony 137
- Bailey, Forest 96, 451*, 473, 481*, 482*, 483*, 566,694
- Bailie, Joseph 38*
- Balch, Emily Greene 89, 647**, 714**
- Baldwin, Roger Nash 33, 34*, 63, 181, 328*, 330**, 451*,481, 483*, 615, 619, 694*, 695*, 700, 701*, 705, 708
- Barnes, Henry Elmer 37*, 330*, 402**, 403*, 415**
- Bass, Elizabeth 636*, 654**, 655*
- Bates, Katharine Lee 1
- Battle, George Gordon 262*
- Beele, Jessie F. 35, 36, 37, 415*, 426
- Beals, Jessie Tarbox 177*
- Beam, Lura 566*
- Beard, Charles Austin 31**
- Beckwith, L.D. 606*, 607*, 609**
- Bedborough, George 333*, 334*, 335*, 336*
- Bedborough, Louie 334, 337*
- Behre, Edwine 35
- Bellamy, Edward 1
- Benjamin, Harry 33*, 406
- Benson, Marguerite 323*
- Benton, Charlotte E. 416
- Bernays, Hella 36, 37**, 82
- Bigelow, Herbert S. 36*
- Bjorkman, Frances Maule see Maule, Frances
- Blackwell, Alice Stone 204, 205, 209*
- Blake, Katherine Devereux 31, 191, 481*, 644
- Blatch, Harriot S. 31, 35, 191**
- Blessing, Edgar M. 463*
- Bliven, Bruce 384*, 402**, 403*, 405**, 454*, 456*, 588, 716
- Blossom, Frederick A. 269, 285*
- Boissevain, Inez M. see Milholland, Inez
- Borah, William Edgar 415*, 493**, 697**
- Bourne, Randolph 31**
- Boutwell, George S. 1
- Boyd, Mary Sumner 216*, 598, 599
- Bradford, Stella S. 62
- Brasher, Katherine Marie 40*, 416*
- Brasher, Marie Louise 415, 416*
- Brasher, Rex 40*
- Breckinridge, Sophonisba Preston 211, 483
- Brennen, Alice 41, 42, 43, 416, 569
- Brewer, David J. 1
- Brokaw, Edwin Warren 33*
- Bromley, Dorothy Dunbar 35*, 37
- Bronson, Sonia Joseph 66**, 68**, 69**, 70**, 71*, 72*, 73**, 74**, 235*, 236*, 249**, 252, 257**, 281, 282*, 348, 362*, 363*, 364*, 416*, 550*, 551*,553**
- Brooke, Medford 1
- Brooke, S. 1
- Brooks, Edith Louise 32, 34*, 35, 37, 344, 384, 446
- Brooks, Phillips 1
- Broun, Heywood 32*, 402**, 415**, 416**
- Brown, Emmanuel 45*, 46*, 47*, 48*
- Brown, Frances T. 324*
- Brown, Gertrude Foster 35*
- Brown, Harriet Connor 216*
- Bryant, Louise S. 37, 56*, 328*, 370*, 415*, 420*, 430*, 453, 461, 505*, 528, 554**, 566, 570
- Bryce, James Bryce 1
- Burd, Adelma H. 269
- Burgdorff, Ferdinand 32*
- Burger, Terese F. 34, 36, 37
- Burns, Lucy 31*, 223**
- Burrows, Warren 444**, 465**, 472**, 489**
- Butterfield, Oliver M. 420*, 511
- Byrns, Elinor 32, 162, 163, 213, 249, 259*, 271, 402, 417, 423, 643, 644, 668
- Cable, George Washington 1
- Call, A. Payson 139*
- Callander, Violet 392*
- Calvert, Bruce 49**, 50*, 330**, 338*, 457, 586
- Cannon, Walter B. 324
- Capen, Bessie T. 138
- Carey, Arthur A. 139*
- Carleton, Spencer 52*, 138*, 424
- Carnegie, Andrew 1
- Carnegie, Louise 1
- Carpenter, Helen 340*, 348
- Cary, Augusta 269*, 664
- Catt, Carrie Chapman 51*
- Cerf, Bennett 479*, 586
- Chafee, Mary D. 49
- Chamberlain, D.H. 1
- Cheney, Ednah Dow Littlehale 1
- Clarke, James Freeman 1
- Clarke, J.F. 338*, 358**
- Clarke, John S. 1
- Cleghorn, Sarah Norcliffe 232
- Cohn, Anne M. 459
- Coffin, C.C. 1
- Comstock, Anthony 239*
- Conant, Lucy 138
- Conway, Moncure Daniel 1
- Cook, Fannie 49*, 50, 51*, 191, 237*, 553
- Coolidge, Grace Goodhue 237**
- Crawford, J.F. 237, 325
- Cullin, Stewart 138*
- Cummins, Albert B. 240**, 299**, 463**
- Curtis, George William 1
- Cutting, Bronson M. 50*, 330*, 402**, 421, 451**, 566*, 695** 697*
- Danziger, Samuel 53**, 429*
- Davis, Richard Harding 2
- Deering, Tam & Ivah 53*, 572, 716*
- DeGolier, Spencer M. 53
- Deland, Margaret Wade Campbell 2
- Delano, Daniel W. 55*, 423*, 424
- Del Grillo, Adelaide Ristori (see Ristori, Adelaide)
- Dell, Floyd 53, 429*, 566
- de Mille, Agnes 53, 162
- de Mille, Anna Angela George 606**
- DeSilver, Albert 266*, 282*, 615, 651*
- Dewey, John 406**, 407, 423, 429, 482*, 483, 605**
- Dickinson, Robert Latou 56*, 143*, 252, 262, 343*, 398**, 415, 430*, 439**, 453, 505*, 568**, 569*, 576**
- Dill, Clarence C. 402, 403*
- Dilla, Harriette M. 53, 281
- Dodge, Grace H. 2
- Dombrowsky, James A. 475*
- Donald, Winchester 2
- Draper, Ruth 483
- Drew, Sadie A. 53, 191
- DuBois, W.E.B. 209**
- Dudley, Mrs. Guilford 213**
- Duncan, Winifred Ward 57*, 429*
- Duniway, Abigail Scott 206, 213
- East, Mary L. 344*, 471*
- Eastman, Crystal 223**, 616*, 617, 619, 637, 638, 639, 640, 641, 642, 643, 652
- Eaton, Walton P. 58, 134*
- Eddy, George Sherwood 58*
- Edson-Kohler, Mira B. 134
- Ehrich, Walter L. 627, 629, 630*, 631, 670
- Eliot, Charles William 2
- Elliman, Kenneth B. 625*, 626*, 627*, 628*, 629*, 630*, 631*, 632, 670
- Elliot, Lucy 58*
- Ellis, Havelock 250*, 431*, 553
- Emerson, Frances 431*
- Engelhard, Agnes 58, 191, 252, 321**, 324**, 328**, 345*, 346*, 347*, 360**, 365**, 366**, 398**, 424*, 431*, 548**, 556*, 557*, 558*, 559*, 560*, 562**, 563**
- Engelhard, George H. 58, 255, 262*, 263, 345, 346*, 347*, 368, 424*
- The Equitist 33, 417*
- Ernst, Morris Leopold 32*, 134, 329, 369, 402*, 414*, 418**, 435, 438**, 451**, 454**, 458**, 485*, 486*, 487*, 488*, 568**, 697*
- Evans, S. Wayne 58*, 431*, 475*, 570, 586*
- Everett, Millard S. 58*, 568*, 569, 578**
- Fairley, James A. 47*
- Feather, William 59*
- Fels, Mary 59**, 636
- Fenn, Kathryn 345*
- Field, Evelyn 22*, 405*, 483*, 569
- Fincke, William M. 44*
- Firth, C.H. 2
- Fisher, Dorothy Canfield 59*, 713*
- Fiske, John 2
- Fite, Warner 60*, 553
- Fitzgerald, Susan W. 214, 432*
- Flaster, Edith 59
- Fleming, Merica 59*
- Fletcher, Londa Stebbins 59**
- Floyd, Louise Adams 59, 61*
- Floyd, William 26, 45**, 61*, 152*, 349*, 434*, 551,555, 566, 569
- Flynn, Elizabeth Gurley 644, 650, 692*
- Forbes, R.D. 45*
- Fosdick, Harry Emerson 45**, 349**
- Foy, Mary 658**
- Fraina, Louis C. 59*
- Frank, Adelaide Schulkind 471*, 530, 531, 532, 537
- Freeman, Elisabeth 215, 663
- Freewoman 210**, 225, 226
- French, Katharine 59
- Frye, Alexis E. 2
- Funk, Antoinette 213
- Fairley, James A. 47*
- Gale, Linn A.E. 64*, 425, 436*, 437*, 482*, 493*, 530*, 712*
- Gallert, Mark Lewis 75, 157, 424, 610*
- Gallert, Myra 65*, 66*, 67*, 68*, 69*, 70*, 71*, 72*, 73*, 74*, 75*, 76*, 77*, 157*, 191, 235*, 236**, 252, 254*, 255*, 256, 262, 263**, 282*, 325*, 326, 332**, 338**, 340, 345*, 348*, 352*, 354*, 355*, 356*, 357*, 358*, 359*, 360*, 361*, 364*, 365*, 368, 383*, 394, 403*, 405**, 406**, 410**, 411, 424, 427, 433*, 438**, 551**, 552*, 554**, 566, 569
- Gardner, Henry A. 159*, 160*
- Garfield, H.W. 2
- Garrison, William Lloyd 2
- Garvin, Florence 63*, 436*, 455**
- Gavit, John Palmer 436*
- Gawthorpe, Mary 225*
- Geiger, Oscar 607*, 609**
- George, Katharine Ames 63, 427
- Gibbons, Henry Johns 78*, 79*
- Gibbons, James Cardinal 2
- Gillette, Frederick H. 352**, 402**
- Gillmore, Inez Haynes 162
- Gilman, Catheryne Cooke 436*, 479*, 697*, 698*
- Gilman, Charlotte Perkins 62, 63*
- Gleeson, Adele 63*, 352*
- Goller, Gratia 62, 63, 436
- Gooch, George 2
- Gordon, George A. 2
- Gray, John H. 63
- Greeley, Helen Hoy 81*, 215
- Green, Arthur B. 63
- Green, Henry L. 62*
- Green, Julia M. 328, 329*, 423, 436*, 678*, 679*, 680*, 681*, 682*, 683*, 684*, 685*, 686*, 687*, 688*
- Greene, Aimee Ruggles 62
- Griffin, Lillian S. 215
- Gruening, Ernest 2, 402**, 425*, 456** 457*
- Gruening, Martha 82*, 209*, 210, 218
- Hale, Edward Everett 3
- Hall, Bolton 78*, 83*, 249, 439*, 607, 608, 609*, 629
- Hallinan, Charles T. 616**, 617, 618**, 620, 622, 623, 627**
- Hamilton, Mary Evelyn 369*
- Hanau, Stella 331*, 360*, 408*, 451*, 457*, 504, 570*, 588
- Hancock, Frank W. 405**, 406**
- Harcourt, L. 3
- Harris, W.T. 3
- Harrison, Frederic 3
- Hart, Albert Bushnell 3
- Hart, Henriette 384*
- Hast, Lisette 161*
- Hatfield, Henry D. 405**, 406**
- Hay, John 3
- Hay, Mary Garrett 215
- Hays, Arthur Garfield 441*, 708
- Heidelberg, Virginia P. 85*, 269*, 270, 271*, 439
- Hemenway, Augustus 3
- Henderson, Helen W. 179*
- Hepburn, Katharine Houghton 329*, 369**
- Higginson, Thomas Wentworth 3
- Hill, George Q. 165*
- Hillquit, Morris 652*
- Himes, Norman Edwin 369*, 409, 424*, 439*, 551
- Hirsell, Olive 439**, 440*
- Hitchcock, Frederick H. and Ethel 75**, 347*, 352*, 362*, 363*, 364*, 365*, 366*, 367*, 368*, 423, 547*, 548
- Hitt, Robert R. 3
- Hoag, Clarence Gilbert 603*
- Hoar, George F. 3
- Holmes, John Haynes 45*, 47*, 50, 54*, 61, 63, 257*, 427*,553*, 619, 636, 647*, 708
- Holmes, Oliver Wendell 3
- Holt, Lillian 636*
- Hooker, Edith Houghton 58
- Hoover, Herbert 3, 407**
- Hopkins, J.A.H. 645*, 651*
- Howe, Julia Ward 3
- Howells, William Dean 3
- Howells, John Mead 3
- Howson, Julie B. 322*, 331*, 424*
- Hurd-Mead, Kate Campbell 249
- Huse, P.B.P. 56, 162, 322*, 325*, 374, 420**, 424*, 530, 532, 569
- Hyde, Virginia see Heidelberg, Virginia Ingersoll, Charles H. 397*, 442*, 475, 606, 608*, 627*
- Irwin, Inez Haynes (see Gillmore, Inez Haynes)
- Ives, C.P. 457*, 586*
- Jacobi, Anna Manus 166*
- Jacobs, Aletta H. 260*, 554
- James, William 4
- Jardine, Grace 225*, 226
- Jefferson, Charles E. 4
- Jewett, Mary B. 249
- Jones, Eleanor Dwight 322*, 323**, 360**, 380*, 387**, 405**, 408*
- Jones, Thomas Jesse 47
- Jung, Rudolf 4
- Kaufman, Louis Rene 86*, 425, 538
- Keating, Margaret Sloan Medill 636
- Kendig, Isabelle 677*
- Kennedy, Anne 286*, 287, 288, 326*
- Kenyon, Dorothy 475
- Kidd, Benjamin 4
- King, Cora Smith 283*
- Kirchwey, Freda 162, 588
- Knoblauch, Mary 162, 163, 164, 191, 234, 271, 677*
- Knopf, S. Adolphus 380*, 425, 462*
- Konikow, Antoinette F. 191, 380*, 427, 443*, 554
- Krehbiel, Edward 87*, 88*, 89*
- Mary (Ware) Dennett
- Kropotkin, Peter 4
- La Follette, Fola 217, 669*
- La Guardia, Fiorello H. 638, 198**, 405, 707
- Laidlaw, H.B. 214*, 215
- Lamont, Corliss 444*, 482**
- Lane, Margaret 162, 163, 232, 444, 637, 638, 639, 641, 642
- Lane, Vera 281*, 287
- Langham, George 4
- Lasker, Mary Woodard and Florina 331, 703*, 704*, 705*, 706, 707, 708
- Leach, Agnes 651*
- Leinonen, Karl F. 167*
- Leo, Jessie Macdonald 90*, 444*
- Lewinski-Corwin, E.H. 228*, 229*, 230*
- Lewis, Dora 223
- Lewis, Janet C. 167*, 182, 444*
- Lindey, Alexander 294*, 381*, 451**, 486*, 487*, 488*, 493*, 569, 694*
- Lippelman, Bertha van Nes 91*
- Lippmann, Walter 301**, 402**, 454
- Littledale, Clara Savage 92, 191, 418, 425, 444*, 454*, 457, 552
- Livermore, Mary Ashton Rice 4
- Lloyd, W.D. 4
- Lochner, Louis P. 647, 658, 662*, 663
- Lodge, Henry Cabot 4
- Long, John D. 4
- Lowenthal, Eleanor 427, 446*
- McCasland, Vine 71*, 72**, 73*, 74*, 75**, 77*, 252, 254**, 256, 263*, 282**, 348, 354*, 355**, 360**, 364*, 365*, 366, 383*, 391, 405, 406, 410, 424, 433**, 438*, 547*, 551**, 552**, 554**
- McClunn, Mary Kenney 206
- McCall, J.W. 4
- McCormick, Katharine Dexter 213*, 214, 215*
- McCormick, Ruth 215
- McCulloch, Catharine Waugh 205, 209*
- MacDonald, James Ramsay 4
- Magoun, Jeanne B. 93, 213, 449*, 553, 569, 655
- Mander, Jane 93, 260**
- Marquand, Eleanor C. 173*, 191**
- Marquand, Katherine C. 173*
- Marsden, Dora 225*, 226*
- Mather, W. 4
- Maule, Frances 162, 211, 218, 225*, 226*, 271
- Mead, Edwin D. 433*
- Mead, Kate Campbell (see Hurd-Mead, Kate Campbell)
- Mead, Lucia True Ames 179**, 433, 647
- Meek, Lois Hayden 418, 449, 453
- Mencken, H.L. 525*, 553, 588**
- Mendenhall, Florence House 94*
- Merwin, Martha Prentice 95*, 96*, 97, 98, 99, 100, 423
- Midgard, C. Edward 451*
- Milholland, Inez 598**
- Milliken, Samuel 627, 628*
- Miller, Alice Duer 162, 164*
- Miller, Helen Guthrie 449
- Miller, Joseph Dana 604, 605*
- Moore, Allison Pierce 323
- Morley, John 4
- Moscheles, Felix 4
- Moskowitz, Grover M. 415**, 418**, 430**, 453**
- Moss, Gordon W. 694*, 695*, 696*, 697*, 698*
- Moulton, Louise Chandler 4
- Moxcey, Mary E. 93*, 469, 470*
- Mudd, Emily Hartshorne 533, 534, 535
- Muther, Josephine A. 213*
- Narregang, S.W. 405*
- Nash, Carol 75**, 360
- Nash, Ogden 59
- National Woman's Party 223*
- Nearing, Scott 662*, 663*
- Nelson, Caroline 386*, 387*, 391*
- New York Academy of Medicine 228*, 229*, 230*
- New York Society of Craftsmen 176*, 177*, 178*, 190*
- Niles, Blair 215
- Noricour, J. 4
- Norris, Charles G. 384*
- Norris George W. 384*, 405**, 407**, 408**, 455, 463**, 697**
- Norton, Charles Eliot 4
- Noyes, Hilda H. 286**
- O'Brien, Robert L. 5
- Olds, Genevieve D. 508*, 509
- Oldys, Henry 5
- O'Reilly, John Boyle 5
- Overton, Walter 102*, 103*, 104*, 105*, 106*, 107*, 108*, 568*, 570
- Page, Mary Hutcheson 203**, 204, 206, 207, 208, 209
- Page, Walter Hines 5
- Palmer, Alice Freeman 5
- Park, Alice 213**, 386*, 391*, 425*, 461*, 468
- Parker, Henry Taylor 5
- Parmenter, Kenneth R. 59, 109*, 453, 460*, 461*
- Parsons, Albert Stevens 5
- Paul, Alice 223
- Peabody, Francis 5
- Peabody, George Foster 5, 45**, 630
- Pearce, Miriam B. 180*
- Peck, Mary Gray 204, 205, 206*
- Perkins, Frances 461*
- Pilpel, Harriet F. 398
- Pinchot, Amos 618, 619, 648, 651*
- Pinchot, Gertrude M. 269*, 271*
- Porritt, Annie G. 287*, 288*
- Post, Alice Thatcher 191, 425, 460*, 461*, 717*
- Post, Louis 208**, 615
- Potter, Edwin S. 393*, 403*, 405, 407*, 426*, 460*, 461**, 552, 697**
- Potter, Frances Boardman Squire 205, 206
- Prentis, Edmund Astley 186*
- Putnam, George Haven 292*, 293*, 630**, 670*
- Quitman, Jesse 396*
- Rainford, Percy 185*
- Rankin, Jeannette 213*, 404**, 658, 671
- Rawson, Marion Nicholl 270**, 271, 464*
- Reed, Stuart F. 67*
- Rembaugh, Bertha 259*
- Renshaw, Maidee B. 269*
- Ristori, Adelaide 2
- Ritter, Elizabeth B. 215
- Robinson, Frederic H. 505*
- Robinson, Mary S. 110
- Robinson, William J. 293*, 423, 456, 462, 465**, 466**, 553**
- Roe, Netha 189*, 191
- Roessing, Mrs. Frank 213**. 215**
- Rolland, Romaine 260*
- Rollins, Carl P. 110, 189*, 464
- Roosevelt, Eleanor 189**, 608**
- Roosevelt, Theodore 5
- Rosenberg, S.L. Millard 464*, 465*, 466*
- Rosenwald, Julius 45**
- Root, Elihu 5
- Royden, A. Maude 111*
- Rublee, Juliet Barrett 288**, 326**
- Rusk, Katherine Gaul 140*
- Russell, Dora 554*
- Ruutz-Rees, Caroline 189
- Ryan, Agnes E. 110
- Sabin, Mrs. Charles 32**, 229**
- Salert, William M. 5
- Sanborn, F.B. 5
- Sanger, Margaret234*, 252, 262*, 265**, 285*, 286*, 287*, 288*, 326*, 340**, 397**, 399*, 400*, 402**, 403, 405**, 407**, 408, 410**, 419, 652
- Schmalhausen, Samuel Daniel 456, 472*, 582*, 583*
- Schneiderman, Rose 536*
- Schulkind, Adelaide M. (see Frank, Adelaide Schulkind)
- Schurman, J. 5
- Schwerz, C. 5
- Schwimmer, Rosika 472, 555
- Scranton, Ann 190*
- Sergio, Lisa 189*
- Shaw, Anna Howard 204*, 205**, 206, 207, 208, 211*, 212, 213**, 214*, 217, 655*
- Shaw, Elton R. 712*
- Shelly, Rebecca 112, 648, 653, 658
- Sherwood, Elizabeth 282
- Shuler, Nettie R. 216
- Sinclair, Upton 629*
- Smedley, Agnes 234
- Smith, Appleton W. 5
- Smith, Jane Norman 223
- Smith, Katharine Ware 112, 472
- Smith, Marie Virginia 598, 599*, 600
- Smith, William Hawley 113*
- Sobrier, Elisabeth P. 5
- Society of Arts and Crafts (Boston) 177, 186, 193*, 194*
- Stannard, Emma M. 206, 207
- Stead, W.T. 5
- Stedman, Edmund C. 5
- Stephens, Frank 114, 472*, 716*
- Stewart, Ella Jane Seass 205
- Stickley, Gustav 179
- Stillman, Clara Gruening 239**, 269
- Stoddard, John L. 5
- Stone, Hannah Mayer 476**
- Stone, Harlan Fiske 5
- Stone, Margaret Grant 115
- Stopes, Marie Charlotte Carmichael 287, 288, 291*, 292*, 293*, 294*, 326, 370, 424, 426, 430
- Stowe, Lyman Beecher 5
- Straight, Dorothy 88*
- Straus, Oscar S. 5
- Sumner, F.B. 69, 252, 299, 407*
- Sumner, John S. 299, 481*
- Sutro, Florentine S. 262*, 473*
- Suttner, Bertha von 5
- Swing, Raymond Gram 329*, 385**
- Taft, William H. 370
- Tarbell, Ida M. 5, 476*
- Taylor, Charles Francis 116*, 476*
- Taylor, Henry 195*
- Thomas, M. Carey 204, 206**, 208, 209
- Thomas, Norman 618, 651*
- Thomson, Jane 213
- Time 117*, 411**, 547*, 554**, 566*
- Tompkins, Jean Burnet 281
- Tresca, Carlo 493
- Turner, Alice Martin and Harry 477*, 483**, 570
- Tyrer, Alfred H. 411*
- Upton, Harriet Taylor 204, 205, 208, 209, 218
- Vaile, William N. 300*, 463**, 552
- Van Doren, Dorothy 174, 385*, 451**, 589*
- Van Ingen, Philip 228*, 229
- Vane, Francis 6
- Villard, Fanny Garrison 118, 627*, 642
- Villard, Oswald Garrison 385*, 619, 620, 627*, 651*, 715, 716**
- Vincent, Nell 640, 641, 642, 643
- Wagner, C. 6
- Wald, Lillian D. 62, 616*
- Walters, Frank L. 451*
- Ware, Ford 197*, 407
- Ware, Livonia C. 11*, 59, 102**, 109**, 433*, 569
- Warner, Charles Dudley 6
- Warren, Francis K. 22*
- Washington, Booker T. 6
- Wells, Catherine 553
- West, Rebecca 226*
- White, Andrew D. 6
- White, Marjorie 478*
- White, Sue Shelton 223
- Whitehouse, Vira Boarman 215*, 216
- Whiting, Frederic Allen 197*, 453, 478*
- Whitney, Charlotte Anita 657*, 668**
- Whittier, John Greenleaf 6
- Wildman, Rounsevelle 6
- Williams, George Frank 6
- Williams, P.R. 605*
- Wilson, Woodrow 6, 636**, 654**
- Winsor, Mary 616*
- Wolcott, Roger 6
- Wold, Emma 648, 674
- Wood, Hollingsworth 615, 616*, 618
- Wooley, Celia Parker 209*
- Woolsey, John M. 479*
- Wright, Carroll 6
- Young, Art 80, 480
- Young, Evangeline Wilson 56*, 538
- Zueblin, Charles 118, 210